Subject | had | past participle |
---|---|---|
We | had | decided... |
Affirmative | ||
She | had | given. |
Negative | ||
We | hadn't | asked. |
Interrogative | ||
Had | they | arrived? |
Interrogative negative | ||
Hadn't | you | finished? |
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
---|---|---|
I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
He, she, it had decided | He hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
Past perfect, function
The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.In these examples, Event A is the first or earliest event, Event B is the second or latest event:
Event A | Event B |
---|---|
John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
When they arrived | we had already started cooking |
He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
Past perfect + just
'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than before now, e.g.a. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
b. She had just left the room when the police arrived.
c. I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
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